{"id":427,"date":"2017-09-09T21:33:29","date_gmt":"2017-09-10T00:33:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fabianvillena.cl\/blog\/?p=427"},"modified":"2017-09-12T22:00:46","modified_gmt":"2017-09-13T01:00:46","slug":"manufactura-modelo-anatomico-traves-fabricacion-filamento-fundido","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/villena.cl\/blog\/manufactura-modelo-anatomico-traves-fabricacion-filamento-fundido\/","title":{"rendered":"Manufactura de Modelo Anat\u00f3mico a Trav\u00e9s de Fabricaci\u00f3n con Filamento Fundido"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Impresi\u00f3n<\/p>\n

Hemos llegado a la parte final para la generaci\u00f3n de un modelo tridimensional tangible con el cual podemos trabajar f\u00edsicamente, pasamos desde un conjunto de datos radiogr\u00e1ficos DICOM<\/a>, pasando por un modelo tridimensional virtual y ahora vamos a fabricarlo con una impresora 3D.<\/p>\n

Posterior a la generaci\u00f3n de un modelo tridimensional virtual, sumado al proceso de eliminaci\u00f3n de artefactos y suavizado de superficie, el archivo STL debe ser materializado para la obtenci\u00f3n de un modelo f\u00edsico.<\/p>\n

En el mercado existen m\u00faltiples tecnolog\u00edas de prototipado r\u00e1pido o impresi\u00f3n tridimensional, el presente trabajo se enfoca en la tecnolog\u00eda de Fabricaci\u00f3n con Filamento Fundido o Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF).<\/p>\n

La forma en que la tecnolog\u00eda de manufactura FFF trabaja consiste en la extrusi\u00f3n de pl\u00e1stico fundido desde filamentos s\u00f3lidos, en donde se van depositando capas de material para as\u00ed generar un modelo tridimensional (1).<\/p>\n

El material empleado por la m\u00e1quina utilizada (Makerbot Replicator 2) es el \u00c1cido Polil\u00e1ctico o Polylactic Acid<\/em> (PLA), este material es un biopol\u00edmero termopl\u00e1stico biodegradable de alta resistencia mec\u00e1nica y baja toxicidad (2,3)<\/p>\n

\"Impresi\u00f3n<\/p>\n

La tecnolog\u00eda de manufactura FFF junto con PLA ha demostrado tener resultados comparables con soluciones de manufactura m\u00e1s costosas (4).<\/p>\n

Cabe mencionar que el archivo en formado STL debe ser interpretado por un programa computacional compatible con la m\u00e1quina a utilizar, por lo que var\u00eda en funci\u00f3n de la tecnolog\u00eda y la marca comercial utilizada. En general el pool de programas computacionales presentes en el mercado actual genera a partir de un archivo STL la ruta espec\u00edfica que debe seguir la m\u00e1quina para lograr materializar el modelo tridimensional virtual.<\/p>\n

A continuaci\u00f3n se describe el programa computacional que utiliza la marca MakerBot:<\/p>\n

Makerbot Desktop<\/h2>\n

Este programa computacional (www.makerbot.com) especialmente dise\u00f1ado para funcionar con la marca MakerBot tiene la capacidad de importar archivos en formato STL e interpretarlos para el posterior env\u00edo a la impresora.<\/p>\n

MakerBot Desktop genera las rutas que debe seguir la impresora adem\u00e1s de un sistema de soportes de impresi\u00f3n (Figura 1). Los soportes de impresi\u00f3n tienen la funci\u00f3n de impedir que el filamento fundido que se est\u00e1 extruyendo no caiga sobre la base cuando los dise\u00f1os de la pieza a manufacturar son muy irregulares, el soporte generado por el programa computacional se ajusta precisamente a las caracter\u00edsticas del modelo de m\u00e1quina espec\u00edfico.<\/p>\n

\"Previsualizaci\u00f3n
Figura 6 Previsualizaci\u00f3n de c\u00f3mo ser\u00e1 impreso el modelo tridimensional, n\u00f3tense los soportes que sostienen partes de la estructura<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Aspecto
Figura 2: Aspecto del modelo tridimensional manufacturado habiendo removido los soportes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Referencias<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Gonzalez SR, Bennett DB. 3D Printing: A Practical Guide for Librarians [Internet]. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers; 2016. (Practical Guides for Librarians). Available from: https:\/\/books.google.cl\/books?id=2Ql7CwAAQBAJ<\/li>\n
  2. Athanasiou KA, Niederauer GG, Agrawal CM. Sterilization, toxicity, biocompatibility and clinical applications of polylactic acid\/polyglycolic acid copolymers. Biomaterials. 1996;17(2):93\u2013102.<\/li>\n
  3. Sin LT, Rahmat AR, Rahman WAWA. Polylactic Acid: PLA Biopolymer Technology and Applications [Internet]. William Andrew; 2012. (PDL handbook series). Available from: https:\/\/books.google.cl\/books?id=uaZl2ZZ1JuAC<\/li>\n
  4. Petropolis C, Kozan D, Sigurdson L. Accuracy of medical models made by consumer-grade fused deposition modelling printers. Plast Surg (Oakville, Ont) [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2016 Jul 10];23(2):91\u20134. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26090349<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Hemos llegado a la parte final para la generaci\u00f3n de un modelo tridimensional tangible con el cual podemos trabajar f\u00edsicamente, pasamos desde un conjunto de datos radiogr\u00e1ficos DICOM, pasando por un modelo tridimensional virtual y ahora vamos a fabricarlo con una impresora 3D. Posterior a la generaci\u00f3n de un modelo tridimensional virtual, sumado al proceso … <\/p>\n

    Continua leyendo “Manufactura de Modelo Anat\u00f3mico a Trav\u00e9s de Fabricaci\u00f3n con Filamento Fundido”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[104],"tags":[135],"class_list":["post-427","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dentistas","tag-fabricacion-digital-aplicada-a-la-odontologia"],"yoast_head":"\nImpresi\u00f3n 3D de un Modelo Anat\u00f3mico Tridimensional - Dr. Fabi\u00e1n Villena Rodr\u00edguez<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fabricaci\u00f3n de una mand\u00edbula humana mediante una impresora 3D. 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